| 1. | Large bulging gill - covers , the pair of pectoral fins are placed almost under the gills ; measures 4 - 5 cm long
长有大而胀的鳃盖，一对腹鳍差不多全藏在鱼鳃底
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| 2. | " many fish larvae hatch without fully formed pectoral fins and all hatch without a swim bladder , so similar problems could occur for them .
“很多小鱼孵化出来时，胸鳍还没有完全成形，而且所有的鱼孵化时都还没有形成鱼鳔。
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| 3. | Each cleaner owns a “ station ” on a reef where clientele come to spread their pectoral fins and adopt postures that offer the cleaner a chance to do its job
每条裂唇鱼都在礁石上开了个服务站，顾客到那里只要展开胸鳍，摆出需要服务的姿势，裂唇鱼就知道生意上门了。
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| 4. | Its powerful “ wings ” ( actually pectoral fin flaps ) enable it to burst from the surface of the sea and soar several feet into the air before plummeting back to its natural home , landing with a loud slap
它那有力的“双翼” （其实是可以拍动的胸鳍） ，令它得以冲出水面数?高，然后再重重的“啪”一声落回水面。
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| 5. | The measurements used are fork length , head length , upper jaw length , snout length , length of dorsal fin base and anal fin base and the distances from the tip of snout to insertion of dorsal fin , to pectoral fin , to ventral fin and to hard margin of preopercle
此所用于分析之外部非体节形质计有：尾叉长、头长、上颚长、吻长、眼径、背鳍基底长、臀鳍基底长以及吻端到前鳃盖骨后绿、背鳍起点、腹鳍起点、臀鳍起点等11个形质。
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| 6. | Based on the " fangsheng - i " robot fish of harbin engineering university auv lab , at first the analysis of the relations of pectoral fin ' s attack angle and lift in vertical plane is done in this paper , using the robot fish ' s hydrodynamic results by the panel method ' s , then setting up the motion model in vertical plane is done . finally animation the robot fish ' s motion in horizontal plane is finished
论文以哈尔滨工程大学军用智能水下机器人国防重点实验室的“仿生? ”号仿鱼机器人为对象，利用面元法计算的仿鱼机器人水动力结果，并分析了垂直面内胸鳍的攻角与升力的关系，建立了垂直面内的模型，根据轴变形模拟了仿鱼机器人水平面内的直航和偏航。
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| 7. | The test proves that the caudal fin oscillation frequency , the maximum amplitude of vibration of caudal fin , the caudal fin strikes the water angle influence the fish ’ s speed ; the curve experiment has obtained curve radius of inertia advance curve and static curve ; the ups and downs experiment proves that the pectoral fin on different angle influences the fish to move ups and downs
加减速试验论证了尾鳍摆动频率、尾鳍后缘最大摆幅以及尾鳍的最大击水角度对鱼体速度的影响;转弯试验测得了机器鱼惯性前进转弯和静止转弯时的转弯半径;在机器鱼的升潜试验中论证了胸鳍不同转角对升潜运动的影响。
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| 8. | Through the fundamental academic research of tunny ’ s swimming mode , the single motor - driven - robot fish has been designed , which has two joints taking pectoral fins as an elevator to make the fish - like robot moving up and down , moreover it can achieve the inertia swerve and the static swerve
通过对?科加新月形尾鳍推进模式鱼类的仿生学研究,设计了单电机驱动两关节联动的尾鳍推进仿生金枪鱼,以胸鳍作为升降舵实现机器鱼的上浮和下潜,还可实现惯性前进转弯和静止转弯。
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| 9. | Diagnostic characters for the recognition of species include the presence or absence of pectoral fin , the position of dorsal fin origin , gill opening , anus , nostril opening and eye , the cirri present or not , the dentition type , the body coloration , and the head pores or lateral line etc
一般依据胸鳍的有无或发达程度，背鳍起点、鳃孔、肛门、鼻孔和眼等的相对位置，颌的发达程度和颌上是否具须，齿的形状和排列方式，身体的斑纹，以及头部和体侧的侧线孔数目等进行鉴别。
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